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48
Cd
112.41
Cadmium |
Appearance & Characteristics | Reactions |
Other Forms Radius | Conductivity | Abundance
General:
| Name: Cadmium | Symbol: Cd |
| Group: Trans. Met. | Atomic weight: 112.41 |
| Density @ 293 K: 8.65 g/cm3 | Atomic volume: 13.1 cm3/mol |
| Group: Trans. Met. | Discovered: 1817 |
States
| State (s, l, g): solid | |
| Melting point: 594.1 K (321 oC) | Boiling point: 1038 K (765 oC) |
| Heat of fusion: 6.192 kJ/mol | Heat of vaporization: 99.570 kJ/mol |
Energies
| 1st ionization energy: 867.7 kJ/mole | |
| Electronegativity: 1.69 | 2nd ionization energy: 1631.4 kJ/mole |
| Electron affinity: kJ/mole | 3rd ionization energy: 3616.2 kJ/mole |
| Specific heat: 0.23 J/gK | Heat atomization: 112 kJ/mole atoms |
Oxidation & Electrons
| Shells: 2,8,18,18,2 | Electron configuration: [Kr] 4d10 5s2 |
| Minimum oxidation number: 0 | Maximum oxidation number: 2 |
| Min. common oxidation no.: 0 | Max. common oxidation no.: 2 |
Appearance & Characteristics
| Structure: distorted hcp Structure | Color: bluish-white |
| Uses: battery, yellow pigment (CdS) | Toxicity: |
| Hardness: 2 mohs | Characteristics: soft |
Reactions
| Reaction with air: mild, w/ht => CdO | |
| Reaction with 6 M HCl: mild, => H2, CdCl2 | Reaction with 6 M HCl: mild, => H2, CdCl2 |
| Reaction with 15 M HNO3: mild, => Cd(NO3)2, NOx | Reaction with 6 M NaOH: none |
Other Forms
| Number of isotopes: 8 | Hydride(s): |
| Oxide(s): CdO | Chloride(s): CdCl2 |
Radius
| Ionic radius (2- ion): pm | Ionic radius (1- ion): pm |
| Atomic radius: 151 pm | Ionic radius (1+ ion): pm |
| Ionic radius (2+ ion): 109 pm | Ionic radius (3+ ion): pm |
Conductivity
| Thermal conductivity: 96.9 J/m-sec-deg | |
| Electrical conductivity: 146.413 1/mohm-cm | Polarizability: 7.2 A^3 |
Abundance
| Source: Sphalerite (sulfide) | |
| Rel. abund. solar system: 0.207 log | Abundance earth's crust: -0.7 log |
| cost, pure: 6 $/100g | cost, bulk: $/100g |
