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61
Pm
145
Promethium |
Appearance & Characteristics | Reactions |
Other Forms Radius | Conductivity | Abundance
General:
| Name: Promethium | Symbol: Pm |
| Group: Rare Earth, Lanthanides | Atomic weight: 145 |
| Density @ 293 K: 6.475 g/cm3 | Atomic volume: 22.39 cm3/mol |
| Group: Rare Earth, Lanthanides | Discovered: 1945 |
States
| State (s, l, g): solid | |
| Melting point: 1353.2 K | Boiling point: K |
| Heat of fusion: ? | Heat of vaporization: ? |
Energies
| 1st ionization energy: 535.9 kJ/mole | |
| Electronegativity: 1.15 | 2nd ionization energy: 1052 kJ/mole |
| Electron affinity: 50 kJ/mole | 3rd ionization energy: 2150 kJ/mole |
| Specific heat: 0.18 J/gK | Heat atomization: 301 kJ/mole atoms |
Oxidation & Electrons
| Shells: 2,8,18,23,8,2 | Electron configuration: [Xe] 4f5 6s2 |
| Minimum oxidation number: 0 | Maximum oxidation number: 3 |
| Min. common oxidation no.: 0 | Max. common oxidation no.: 3 |
Appearance & Characteristics
| Structure: cp: close packed (ABCB) | Color: silvery-white |
| Uses: nuclear battery | Toxicity: |
| Hardness: mohs | Characteristics: Radioactive |
Reactions
| Reaction with air: vigorous, => Pm2O3 | |
| Reaction with 6 M HCl: mild, => H2, PmCl3 | Reaction with 6 M HCl: mild, => H2, PmCl3 |
| Reaction with 15 M HNO3: mild, => Pm(NO3)3 | Reaction with 6 M NaOH: |
Other Forms
| Number of isotopes: 0 | Hydride(s): |
| Oxide(s): Pm2O3 | Chloride(s): |
Radius
| Ionic radius (2- ion): pm | Ionic radius (1- ion): pm |
| Atomic radius: 183 pm | Ionic radius (1+ ion): pm |
| Ionic radius (2+ ion): pm | Ionic radius (3+ ion): 111 pm |
Conductivity
| Thermal conductivity: 17.9 J/m-sec-deg | |
| Electrical conductivity: 1/mohm-cm | Polarizability: 30.1 A^3 |
Abundance
| Source: Synthetic | |
| Rel. abund. solar system: log | Abundance earth's crust: -19.3 log |
| cost, pure: $/100g | cost, bulk: $/100g |
