|
21
Sc
44.9559
Scandium |
Appearance & Characteristics | Reactions |
Other Forms Radius | Conductivity | Abundance
General:
| Name: Scandium | Symbol: Sc |
| Group: Trans. Met. | Atomic weight: 44.9559 |
| Density @ 293 K: 3.0 g/cm3 | Atomic volume: 15.0 cm3/mol |
| Group: Trans. Met. | Discovered: 1879 |
States
| State (s, l, g): solid | |
| Melting point: 1812.2 K | Boiling point: 3021 K |
| Heat of fusion: 14.10 kJ/mol | Heat of vaporization: 314.20 kJ/mol |
Energies
| 1st ionization energy: 631 kJ/mole | |
| Electronegativity: 1.36 | 2nd ionization energy: 1235 kJ/mole |
| Electron affinity: 18.1 kJ/mole | 3rd ionization energy: 2389 kJ/mole |
| Specific heat: 0.6 J/gK | Heat atomization: 378 kJ/mole atoms |
Oxidation & Electrons
| Shells: 2,8,9,2 | Electron configuration: [Ar] 3d1 4s2 |
| Minimum oxidation number: 0 | Maximum oxidation number: 3 |
| Min. common oxidation no.: 0 | Max. common oxidation no.: 3 |
Appearance & Characteristics
| Structure: hcp: hexagonal close pkd | Color: silvery-white |
| Uses: no significant uses | Toxicity: |
| Hardness: mohs | Characteristics: soft |
Reactions
| Reaction with air: vigorous, => Sc2O3 | |
| Reaction with 6 M HCl: mild, => H2, ScCl3 | Reaction with 6 M HCl: mild, => H2, ScCl3 |
| Reaction with 15 M HNO3: mild, => Sc(NO3)3 | Reaction with 6 M NaOH: |
Other Forms
| Number of isotopes: 1 | Hydride(s): ScH2 ScH3 |
| Oxide(s): Sc2O3 | Chloride(s): ScCl3 |
Radius
| Ionic radius (2- ion): pm | Ionic radius (1- ion): pm |
| Atomic radius: 162 pm | Ionic radius (1+ ion): pm |
| Ionic radius (2+ ion): pm | Ionic radius (3+ ion): 88.5 pm |
Conductivity
| Thermal conductivity: 15.8 J/m-sec-deg | |
| Electrical conductivity: 19.2 1/mohm-cm | Polarizability: 17.8 A^3 |
Abundance
| Source: U extractn by-product | |
| Rel. abund. solar system: 1.534 log | Abundance earth's crust: 1.3 log |
| cost, pure: 1400 $/100g | cost, bulk: $/100g |
