|
90
Th
232.0381
Thorium |
Appearance & Characteristics | Reactions |
Other Forms Radius | Conductivity | Abundance
General:
| Name: Thorium | Symbol: Th |
| Group: Rare Earth, Actinides | Atomic weight: 232.0381 |
| Density @ 293 K: 11.7 g/cm3 | Atomic volume: 19.9 cm3/mol |
| Group: Rare Earth, Actinides | Discovered: 1829 |
States
| State (s, l, g): solid | |
| Melting point: 2023.2 K | Boiling point: 5123 K |
| Heat of fusion: 16.10 kJ/mol | Heat of vaporization: 514.40 kJ/mol |
Energies
| 1st ionization energy: 587 kJ/mole | |
| Electronegativity: 1.3 | 2nd ionization energy: 1110 kJ/mole |
| Electron affinity: kJ/mole | 3rd ionization energy: 1930 kJ/mole |
| Specific heat: 0.12 J/gK | Heat atomization: 576 kJ/mole atoms |
Oxidation & Electrons
| Shells: 2,8,18,32,18,10,2 | Electron configuration: [Rn] 6d2 7s2 |
| Minimum oxidation number: 0 | Maximum oxidation number: 4 |
| Min. common oxidation no.: 0 | Max. common oxidation no.: 4 |
Appearance & Characteristics
| Structure: fcc: face-centered cubic | Color: white |
| Uses: gas mantles (ThO2) | Toxicity: |
| Hardness: mohs | Characteristics: Radioactive |
Reactions
| Reaction with air: mild, w/ht ignites => ThO2 | |
| Reaction with 6 M HCl: mild | Reaction with 6 M HCl: mild |
| Reaction with 15 M HNO3: passivated | Reaction with 6 M NaOH: none |
Other Forms
| Number of isotopes: 3 | Hydride(s): ThH2 Th4H15 |
| Oxide(s): ThO2 | Chloride(s): ThCl4 |
Radius
| Ionic radius (2- ion): pm | Ionic radius (1- ion): pm |
| Atomic radius: 179 pm | Ionic radius (1+ ion): pm |
| Ionic radius (2+ ion): pm | Ionic radius (3+ ion): pm |
Conductivity
| Thermal conductivity: 54 J/m-sec-deg | |
| Electrical conductivity: 76.923 1/mohm-cm | Polarizability: 32.1 A^3 |
Abundance
| Source: Monazite(phosphate),U extractn | |
| Rel. abund. solar system: -1.475 log | Abundance earth's crust: 1 log |
| cost, pure: $/100g | cost, bulk: $/100g |
