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31
Ga
69.723
Gallium |
Appearance & Characteristics | Reactions |
Other Forms Radius | Conductivity | Abundance
General:
| Name: Gallium | Symbol: Ga |
| Group: Metal | Atomic weight: 69.723 |
| Density @ 293 K: 5.907 g/cm3 | Atomic volume: 11.8 cm3/mol |
| Group: Metal | Discovered: 1875 |
States
| State (s, l, g): solid | |
| Melting point: 302.98 K | Boiling point: 2676 K |
| Heat of fusion: 5.590 kJ/mol | Heat of vaporization: 258.70 kJ/mol |
Energies
| 1st ionization energy: 578.8 kJ/mole | |
| Electronegativity: 1.81 | 2nd ionization energy: 1978.9 kJ/mole |
| Electron affinity: 30 kJ/mole | 3rd ionization energy: 2963 kJ/mole |
| Specific heat: 0.37 J/gK | Heat atomization: 286 kJ/mole atoms |
Oxidation & Electrons
| Shells: 2,8,18,3 | Electron configuration: [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1 |
| Minimum oxidation number: 0 | Maximum oxidation number: 3 |
| Min. common oxidation no.: 0 | Max. common oxidation no.: 3 |
Appearance & Characteristics
| Structure: special: complex | Color: silvery-blue |
| Uses: photocells, transistors | Toxicity: |
| Hardness: 1.5 mohs | Characteristics: melts near room temp. |
Reactions
| Reaction with air: mild, => Ga2O3 | |
| Reaction with 6 M HCl: mild, => GaCl3, H2 | Reaction with 6 M HCl: mild, => GaCl3, H2 |
| Reaction with 15 M HNO3: | Reaction with 6 M NaOH: mild, => [Ga(OH)4]2-, H2 |
Other Forms
| Number of isotopes: 2 | Hydride(s): GaH3 |
| Oxide(s): Ga2O3 | Chloride(s): GaCl Ga2Cl6 |
Radius
| Ionic radius (2- ion): pm | Ionic radius (1- ion): pm |
| Atomic radius: 135 pm | Ionic radius (1+ ion): pm |
| Ionic radius (2+ ion): pm | Ionic radius (3+ ion): 76 pm |
Conductivity
| Thermal conductivity: 48.3 J/m-sec-deg | |
| Electrical conductivity: 57.471 1/mohm-cm | Polarizability: 8.1 A^3 |
Abundance
| Source: Bauxite (oxide) | |
| Rel. abund. solar system: 1.577 log | Abundance earth's crust: 1.2 log |
| cost, pure: 220 $/100g | cost, bulk: $/100g |
