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28
Ni
58.71
Nickel |
Appearance & Characteristics | Reactions |
Other Forms Radius | Conductivity | Abundance
General:
| Name: Nickel | Symbol: Ni |
| Group: Trans. Met. | Atomic weight: 58.71 |
| Density @ 293 K: 8.90 g/cm3 | Atomic volume: 6.59 cm3/mol |
| Group: Trans. Met. | Discovered: 1751 |
States
| State (s, l, g): solid | |
| Melting point: 1726.2 K | Boiling point: 3193 K |
| Heat of fusion: 17.470 kJ/mol | Heat of vaporization: 370.40 kJ/mol |
Energies
| 1st ionization energy: 736.7 kJ/mole | |
| Electronegativity: 1.91 | 2nd ionization energy: 1752.9 kJ/mole |
| Electron affinity: 111.5 kJ/mole | 3rd ionization energy: 3393.4 kJ/mole |
| Specific heat: 0.44 J/gK | Heat atomization: 430 kJ/mole atoms |
Oxidation & Electrons
| Shells: 2,8,16,2 | Electron configuration: [Ar] 3d8 4s2 |
| Minimum oxidation number: -1 | Maximum oxidation number: 4 |
| Min. common oxidation no.: 0 | Max. common oxidation no.: 2 |
Appearance & Characteristics
| Structure: fcc: face-centered cubic | Color: silvery-white |
| Uses: alloys, coins, batteries | Toxicity: yes |
| Hardness: mohs | Characteristics: hard, takes a high polish |
Reactions
| Reaction with air: mild, w/ht => NiO | |
| Reaction with 6 M HCl: mild, => H2, NiCl2 | Reaction with 6 M HCl: mild, => H2, NiCl2 |
| Reaction with 15 M HNO3: passivated | Reaction with 6 M NaOH: none |
Other Forms
| Number of isotopes: 5 | Hydride(s): NiH |
| Oxide(s): NiO | Chloride(s): NiCl2 |
Radius
| Ionic radius (2- ion): pm | Ionic radius (1- ion): pm |
| Atomic radius: 124 pm | Ionic radius (1+ ion): pm |
| Ionic radius (2+ ion): 83 pm | Ionic radius (3+ ion): 72 pm |
Conductivity
| Thermal conductivity: 90.9 J/m-sec-deg | |
| Electrical conductivity: 146.199 1/mohm-cm | Polarizability: 6.8 A^3 |
Abundance
| Source: sulfides, oxide/silicates | |
| Rel. abund. solar system: 4.693 log | Abundance earth's crust: 1.9 log |
| cost, pure: 7.7 $/100g | cost, bulk: 0.76 $/100g |
