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44
Ru
101.07
Ruthenium |
Appearance & Characteristics | Reactions |
Other Forms Radius | Conductivity | Abundance
General:
| Name: Ruthenium | Symbol: Ru |
| Group: Trans. Met. | Atomic weight: 101.07 |
| Density @ 293 K: 12.2 g/cm3 | Atomic volume: 8.3 cm3/mol |
| Group: Trans. Met. | Discovered: 1844 |
States
| State (s, l, g): solid | |
| Melting point: 2583.2 K | Boiling point: 4323 K |
| Heat of fusion: 24.0 kJ/mol | Heat of vaporization: 595.0 kJ/mol |
Energies
| 1st ionization energy: 711.1 kJ/mole | |
| Electronegativity: 2.2 | 2nd ionization energy: 1617.1 kJ/mole |
| Electron affinity: 101 kJ/mole | 3rd ionization energy: 2746.9 kJ/mole |
| Specific heat: 0.238 J/gK | Heat atomization: 643 kJ/mole atoms |
Oxidation & Electrons
| Shells: 2,8,18,15,1 | Electron configuration: [Kr] 4d7 5s1 |
| Minimum oxidation number: -2 | Maximum oxidation number: 8 |
| Min. common oxidation no.: 0 | Max. common oxidation no.: 4 |
Appearance & Characteristics
| Structure: hcp: hexagonal close pkd | Color: silvery-white |
| Uses: catalysts | Toxicity: |
| Hardness: 6.5 mohs | Characteristics: hard |
Reactions
| Reaction with air: none below 800 deg.C | |
| Reaction with 6 M HCl: none | Reaction with 6 M HCl: none |
| Reaction with 15 M HNO3: none | Reaction with 6 M NaOH: |
Other Forms
| Number of isotopes: 7 | Hydride(s): none |
| Oxide(s): RuO2 RuO4 | Chloride(s): RuCl2 RuCl3 |
Radius
| Ionic radius (2- ion): pm | Ionic radius (1- ion): pm |
| Atomic radius: 134 pm | Ionic radius (1+ ion): pm |
| Ionic radius (2+ ion): pm | Ionic radius (3+ ion): 82 pm |
Conductivity
| Thermal conductivity: 117 J/m-sec-deg | |
| Electrical conductivity: 131.579 1/mohm-cm | Polarizability: 9.6 A^3 |
Abundance
| Source: nickel ores (sulfides) | |
| Rel. abund. solar system: 0.270 log | Abundance earth's crust: -3 log |
| cost, pure: 1400 $/100g | cost, bulk: $/100g |
