|
40
Zr
91.22
Zirconium |
Appearance & Characteristics | Reactions |
Other Forms Radius | Conductivity | Abundance
General:
| Name: Zirconium | Symbol: Zr |
| Group: Trans. Met. | Atomic weight: 91.22 |
| Density @ 293 K: 6.4 g/cm3 | Atomic volume: 14.1 cm3/mol |
| Group: Trans. Met. | Discovered: 1789 |
States
| State (s, l, g): solid | |
| Melting point: 2125.2 K | Boiling point: 4473 K |
| Heat of fusion: 16.90 kJ/mol | Heat of vaporization: 58.20 kJ/mol |
Energies
| 1st ionization energy: 660 kJ/mole | |
| Electronegativity: 1.33 | 2nd ionization energy: 1266.8 kJ/mole |
| Electron affinity: 41.1 kJ/mole | 3rd ionization energy: 2218.2 kJ/mole |
| Specific heat: 0.27 J/gK | Heat atomization: 609 kJ/mole atoms |
Oxidation & Electrons
| Shells: 2,8,18,10,2 | Electron configuration: [Kr] 4d2 5s2 |
| Minimum oxidation number: 0 | Maximum oxidation number: 4 |
| Min. common oxidation no.: 0 | Max. common oxidation no.: 4 |
Appearance & Characteristics
| Structure: hcp: hexagonal close pkd | Color: grayish-white |
| Uses: deodorants, fuel rod clad | Toxicity: |
| Hardness: mohs | Characteristics: hard, relatively inert |
Reactions
| Reaction with air: mild, w/ht => Zr2O3 | |
| Reaction with 6 M HCl: none | Reaction with 6 M HCl: none |
| Reaction with 15 M HNO3: passivated | Reaction with 6 M NaOH: none |
Other Forms
| Number of isotopes: 5 | Hydride(s): ZrH2 |
| Oxide(s): ZrO2 | Chloride(s): ZrCl3 ZrCl4 |
Radius
| Ionic radius (2- ion): pm | Ionic radius (1- ion): pm |
| Atomic radius: 160 pm | Ionic radius (1+ ion): pm |
| Ionic radius (2+ ion): pm | Ionic radius (3+ ion): pm |
Conductivity
| Thermal conductivity: 22.7 J/m-sec-deg | |
| Electrical conductivity: 25 1/mohm-cm | Polarizability: 17.9 A^3 |
Abundance
| Source: Zircon (silicate) | |
| Rel. abund. solar system: 1.057 log | Abundance earth's crust: 2.24 log |
| rel. abund. solar system: 1.057 log | abundance earth's crust: 2.24 log |
| cost, pure: 16 $/100g | cost, bulk: 16 $/100g |
