40
Zr
91.22
Zirconium
General | States | Energies | Oxidation & Electrons |
Appearance & Characteristics | Reactions |
Other Forms Radius | Conductivity | Abundance



General:

Name: Zirconium Symbol: Zr
Group: Trans. Met. Atomic weight: 91.22
Density @ 293 K: 6.4 g/cm3 Atomic volume: 14.1 cm3/mol
Group: Trans. Met. Discovered: 1789

States

State (s, l, g): solid
Melting point: 2125.2 K Boiling point: 4473 K
Heat of fusion: 16.90 kJ/mol Heat of vaporization: 58.20 kJ/mol

Energies

1st ionization energy: 660 kJ/mole
Electronegativity: 1.33 2nd ionization energy: 1266.8 kJ/mole
Electron affinity: 41.1 kJ/mole 3rd ionization energy: 2218.2 kJ/mole
Specific heat: 0.27 J/gK Heat atomization: 609 kJ/mole atoms

Oxidation & Electrons

Shells: 2,8,18,10,2 Electron configuration: [Kr] 4d2 5s2
Minimum oxidation number: 0 Maximum oxidation number: 4
Min. common oxidation no.: 0 Max. common oxidation no.: 4

Appearance & Characteristics

Structure: hcp: hexagonal close pkd Color: grayish-white
Uses: deodorants, fuel rod clad Toxicity:
Hardness: mohs Characteristics: hard, relatively inert

Reactions

Reaction with air: mild, w/ht => Zr2O3
Reaction with 6 M HCl: none Reaction with 6 M HCl: none
Reaction with 15 M HNO3: passivated Reaction with 6 M NaOH: none

Other Forms

Number of isotopes: 5 Hydride(s): ZrH2
Oxide(s): ZrO2 Chloride(s): ZrCl3 ZrCl4

Radius

Ionic radius (2- ion): pm Ionic radius (1- ion): pm
Atomic radius: 160 pm Ionic radius (1+ ion): pm
Ionic radius (2+ ion): pm Ionic radius (3+ ion): pm

Conductivity

Thermal conductivity: 22.7 J/m-sec-deg
Electrical conductivity: 25 1/mohm-cm Polarizability: 17.9 A^3

Abundance

Source: Zircon (silicate)
Rel. abund. solar system: 1.057 log Abundance earth's crust: 2.24 log
rel. abund. solar system: 1.057 log abundance earth's crust: 2.24 log
cost, pure: 16 $/100g cost, bulk: 16 $/100g