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46
Pd
106.4
Palladium |
Appearance & Characteristics | Reactions |
Other Forms Radius | Conductivity | Abundance
General:
| Name: Palladium | Symbol: Pd |
| Group: Trans. Met. | Atomic weight: 106.4 |
| Density @ 293 K: 12.02 g/cm3 | Atomic volume: 8.9 cm3/mol |
| Group: Trans. Met. | Discovered: 1803 |
States
| State (s, l, g): solid | |
| Melting point: 1827.2 K | Boiling point: 3213 K |
| Heat of fusion: 17.60 kJ/mol | Heat of vaporization: 357.0 kJ/mol |
Energies
| 1st ionization energy: 804.7 kJ/mole | |
| Electronegativity: 2.2 | 2nd ionization energy: 1894 kJ/mole |
| Electron affinity: 53.7 kJ/mole | 3rd ionization energy: 3177.2 kJ/mole |
| Specific heat: 0.24 J/gK | Heat atomization: 378 kJ/mole atoms |
Oxidation & Electrons
| Shells: 2,8,18,18 | Electron configuration: [Kr] 4d10 |
| Minimum oxidation number: 0 | Maximum oxidation number: 4 |
| Min. common oxidation no.: 0 | Max. common oxidation no.: 4 |
Appearance & Characteristics
| Structure: fcc: face-centered cubic | Color: silvery-white |
| Uses: catalysts, dental crowns | Toxicity: |
| Hardness: 4.8 mohs | Characteristics: absorbs H2 |
Reactions
| Reaction with air: mild, w/ht, => PdO | |
| Reaction with 6 M HCl: none | Reaction with 6 M HCl: none |
| Reaction with 15 M HNO3: mild, => Pd(NO3)2 | Reaction with 6 M NaOH: none |
Other Forms
| Number of isotopes: 6 | Hydride(s): PdHx, x < 1 non-stoich |
| Oxide(s): PdO | Chloride(s): PdCl2 |
Radius
| Ionic radius (2- ion): pm | Ionic radius (1- ion): pm |
| Atomic radius: 137 pm | Ionic radius (1+ ion): pm |
| Ionic radius (2+ ion): 100 pm | Ionic radius (3+ ion): 90 pm |
Conductivity
| Thermal conductivity: 71.8 J/m-sec-deg | |
| Electrical conductivity: 94.8 1/mohm-cm | Polarizability: 4.8 A^3 |
Abundance
| Source: nickel ores (sulfides) | |
| Rel. abund. solar system: 0.143 log | Abundance earth's crust: -2 log |
| cost, pure: 15 $/100g | cost, bulk: 290 $/100g |
