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23
V
50.9415
Vanadium |
Appearance & Characteristics | Reactions |
Other Forms Radius | Conductivity | Abundance
General:
| Name: Vanadium | Symbol: V |
| Group: Trans. Met. | Atomic weight: 50.9415 |
| Density @ 293 K: 5.8 g/cm3 | Atomic volume: 8.78 cm3/mol |
| Group: Trans. Met. | Discovered: 1830 |
States
| State (s, l, g): solid | |
| Melting point: 2163.2 K | Boiling point: 3623 K |
| Heat of fusion: 20.90 kJ/mol | Heat of vaporization: 0.452 kJ/mol |
Energies
| 1st ionization energy: 650.3 kJ/mole | |
| Electronegativity: 1.63 | 2nd ionization energy: 1413.5 kJ/mole |
| Electron affinity: 50.7 kJ/mole | 3rd ionization energy: 2828 kJ/mole |
| Specific heat: 0.49 J/gK | Heat atomization: 514 kJ/mole atoms |
Oxidation & Electrons
| Shells: 2,8,11,2 | Electron configuration: [Ar] 3d3 4s2 |
| Minimum oxidation number: -1 | Maximum oxidation number: 5 |
| Min. common oxidation no.: 0 | Max. common oxidation no.: 5 |
Appearance & Characteristics
| Structure: bcc: body-centered cubic | Color: bright white |
| Uses: tool steel, V2O5 catalyst | Toxicity: yes |
| Hardness: mohs | Characteristics: soft |
Reactions
| Reaction with air: mild, w/ht => V2O5, VN | |
| Reaction with 6 M HCl: none | Reaction with 6 M HCl: none |
| Reaction with 15 M HNO3: mild | Reaction with 6 M NaOH: none |
Other Forms
| Number of isotopes: 2 | Hydride(s): VH VH2 |
| Oxide(s): VO V2O3 VO2 V2O5 | Chloride(s): VCl2 VCl3 VCl4 |
Radius
| Ionic radius (2- ion): pm | Ionic radius (1- ion): pm |
| Atomic radius: 134 pm | Ionic radius (1+ ion): pm |
| Ionic radius (2+ ion): 93 pm | Ionic radius (3+ ion): 78 pm |
Conductivity
| Thermal conductivity: 30.7 J/m-sec-deg | |
| Electrical conductivity: 39.37 1/mohm-cm | Polarizability: 12.4 A^3 |
Abundance
| Source: U, Pb vanadates (misc) | |
| Rel. abund. solar system: 2.467 log | Abundance earth's crust: 2.1 log |
| cost, pure: 220 $/100g | cost, bulk: $/100g |
